Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Dayoe Imaniar Gita

Institutions
a) USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C., United States of America
b) Department of Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang-Indonesia

Abstract
Biodrying is a technology used to reduce water content in waste using microorganisms that naturally increase the temperature in the decomposition process. With this process, the water content can drop more within a month. Biodrying produces a product in the form of Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) which is produced from partially degraded waste. To obtain a waste that is not fully stabilized and maintains a high biomass content, degradation of organic compounds is carried out partially. During the biodrying process, temperature affects the degradation process. Temperature affects the biodrying which will also affect the biodrying product that is indicated by the value of water content. Therefore, in this study, the change of process parameters will be explained, which is in the form of temperature and water content, that is caused by the difference in the air discharge entering the reactor (0, 2, 4, and 6 l/m) with initial water content of 60% - 65%. After 30 days, the optimum air flow is 4 l/m with a decrease in water content of 58.29%; on the last day of the biodrying process (30th day).

Keywords
Biodrying; Air discharge; Degradation; Water content

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Dyhdujqvz9mK

Corresponding Author
Chici Wardiani Prasongko

Institutions
a)Departement of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta Indonesia.
*chici.wardiani.p[at]mail.ugm.ac.id
b)Advanced Material and Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
c)Agrotechnology Innovation Center, PIAT UGM, Berbah Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Abstract
This research was conducted to study changes in functional groups of porous carbon synthesized from mlanding or petai sawdust after being oxidized with H2O2 at various temperatures i.e. 30°C, 60°C, and 80°C. In addition, the effect of porous carbon after oxidation for nickel ion adsorption was also investigated. Adsorption experiments were carried out using solution of Hexammine Nickel (II) Nitrate [Ni(NH3)6](NO3)2 synthesized by adding Nickel (II) Nitrat Heksahidrat to Ammonia solution The carbon inside nickel solution was shaken for 48 hours using a water bath shaker at a temperature variation of 30°C, 40°C, and 60°C. The results of this study indicate that the oxidation of porous carbon will increase functional groups concentration on the surface of carbon such as lactone, carboxyl, and phenol.Adsorption isotherm of nickel ions by porous carbon from mlanding wood follows the Langmuir isotherm plot and shows better performance for absorbing nickel ions in solution compared to carbon without oxidized.

Keywords
Mlanding Wood, Porous Carbon, Oxidation, Adsorption, Nickel Ion.

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UYJLCgANbVtW

Corresponding Author
Danastri Parimitha Ruziqna

Institutions
1) Environmental Engineering Study Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia

Abstract
Aluminum in water treatment sludge can be recovered as coagulants by acidification method. However, there are some factors that affect efficiency in recovering aluminum, such as stirring speed during acidification, pH, and sludge characteristic. This study aims to find the optimum acidification stirring speed in recovering alum and to evaluate the performance of recovered coagulant compared to pure coagulant. Aluminum recovery is carried out by adding sulphuric acid until the pH of the sludge reaches 2.5. The acidic sludge is stirred for 30 minutes, with acidification stirring speed is varied from 240–720 rpm, and left for settling until the supernatant is formed. The supernatant was used as recovered coagulant, examined using jar test to determine the optimum dose, and compared with the pure coagulant. The results show that the optimum acidification stirring speed was obtained at 540 rpm, where mass balance shows aluminum recovery efficiency of 16.5%. The optimum dose for recovered coagulant was 25 ppm, with turbidity reduction of 93.38% in jar test. While the optimum dose for pure alum was 20 ppm, with turbidity reduction of 93.26%. Though potentially reduced greater turbidity, the recovered coagulant has slightly lower quality than the pure coagulant, which required higher optimum dose.

Keywords
Acidification; aluminum recovery; recovered coagulant; water treatment plant

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/PwTVvjEtBqK7

Corresponding Author
Haryono Huboyo

Institutions
1. Environmental Engineering Department, Diponegoro University
2. Urban and Regional Planning Department, Diponegoro University

Abstract
CO2 gas is a gas produced from various activities related to industrial activities and people activities in residential or commercial areas. Conventionally, measurements of CO2 concentrations are carried out using the NDIR method with stationary device, but the tool has a disadvantage that is difficult to do in locations that are difficult to reach with height. So this research is intended to ambient CO2 at different height case study in the Industrial Estate and Commercial area, by means of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology. We sampled at 2 different altitude i.e 1.5 m and 15 m. The use of altitude variations due to wind shear affects that presumably it will have dilution in the upper air. . The greater the wind speed, the concentration of exhaust gas in the area will dissipate quickly. The results of the study show CO2 concentrations varied on weekday mornings and afternoons, and weekend mornings in the sampling area. However, such CO2 concentrations at 2 altitude points showed no significant differences. Thus different 10 m, it could be still homogenous ambient air.

Keywords
Carbon Dioxide, Commercial, Industrial Estate, Housing, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/F4WGYyApEc79

Corresponding Author
Arfan Bakhtiar

Institutions
Diponegoro University

Abstract
There are many kind of Intellectual Property Rights, one of them is patent. According to data in World Bank, Indonesian income per capita, in 2016, still below from another country such as Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and Thailand. This condition is same as high technology exports, in 2015, where Indonesia still lack from Singapore, Malaysia, Philippine, Thailand, and Brunei. It can be concluded from income per capita and high technology exports that patent in Indonesia still lack.it also can be seen from the data in Directorate General of IPR (Intellectual Property Rights). The data said that the total of active patent in Indonesia is 15.343, during 10 years (2007-2016). This amount is still far away compares to patent from another country that attain 46.838. To increase the number of patent registration, it is necessary to research the motive of patent owners and registrants to register their patent. This research is conducted on patent owners who have registered their invention at the Directorate General of IPR. The results of this study will be made recommendations for the Directorate General of IPR and consultants in socializing the importance of patent registration. Patent registration factors or motives vary by stakeholder. Overall there are 4 factors, in individual stakeholder there are 2 factors, and enterprises stakeholder there are 3 factors. The differences of motives are according to the importance every stakeholder.

Keywords
Patent, Motives, Factors Analysis

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MLayYfqJCcEw

Corresponding Author
Devi Oktavianingtyas

Institutions
PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali
Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS

Abstract
Due to the limited availability and the increasing price of both High and Medium rank coal, the pressure of providing a lower electricity price causes Indonesian Electricity Power Producer into using low rank coal as their main fuel (Coal Switching Program). The success of the coal switching program undertaken by the PTN Power Plant also had another impact on the condition of the equipment. Low calorie coal with high water content causes disruption to generating equipment which not infrequently also causes derating of the unit. Derating that occurred causes a decrease in the value of EAF (Equivalent Availability Factor) of PTN power plant from 93.07 in 2017 to 90.21 in 2018 and 89.61 (estimated EAF) in 2019. To maintain the EAF value is still above the value of 90% or still at the Top 10% NERC then improvement is needed. Waste management process using lean manufacturing approach with value stream mapping and 5S visual management methods collaborated with life cycle assessment is an effective way to optimize EAF from plant outage or overhaul. With this method, it can optimize the 2019 EAF value to 90.84%, identify the environmental impacts that arise in the overhaul process and determine the best improvement recommendations.

Keywords
Coal Switching Program; Waste Management; EAF; VSM; LCA

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kTQNLHYJtyF4

Corresponding Author
John Bosco Niyomukiza

Institutions
a, c) University of Rwanda; Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering; Kigali, Rwanda
*nikuzemariejoselyne[at]yahoo.fr
b) Diponegoro University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering

Abstract
Wastewater is the liquid waste generated after being used for different purposes. It has a great impact on the environment when discharged untreated or partially treated. The poor management of wastewater at Gacuriro wastewater plant leads to the discharge of subsequently untreated and partially treated wastes. Therefore, the research focused on the assessment of the efficiency of Gacuriro wastewater treatment plant. Samples of wastewater were collected at the inlet and outlet of the treatment plant for laboratory analysis. Parameters tested include pH, Temperature, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Coliform (TC), Oil and Grease, and Total Phosphorus (TP). Inlet and outlet results are 112.5-364.5 mg/l, 60-190.2 mg/l for BOD; 447-820 mg/l, 46.6-300 mg/l for COD, 19-24 mg/l, 12-18 mg/l for TSS; 6.8-9.05 mg/l, 6.4-5.75 mg/l for TP, 2419.6-50000 counts/100 ml, 1730-30000 counts/100 ml for TC, and 1.012-1.079 mg/l ,0.75-0.923 mg/l for Oil and Grease. Their percentage reduction of efficiency were in the range of TSS (62.50-75%), COD (63.05-78.74%), BOD5 (69.97-83.70%), Oil and Grease (48.67-62.19%), TP (49.26-60.82%), TC (57.14-64.00%) while average inflow and outflow discharge are 2.5 l/s and 1.5 l/s, respectively. The effluent from the treatment plant needs improvement in disinfection systems to remove bacteria out of discharged effluent.

Keywords
Water supply; Wastewater; Efficiency; Gacuriro; Vision city

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aPmpBtY48WLh

Corresponding Author
Badrus Zaman

Institutions
Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University

Abstract
Organic contaminant is one of the environmental issues in wastewater. Organic contaminants in wastewater may produce toxic chemicals during disinfection. Nowadays, food industries and restaurants are the main contributor of organic contaminant in wastewater. Organic contaminant caused the increase of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), and decrease DO (Dissolved Oxygen). The purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficiency of removing organic contaminant from wastewater with natural biofilter from banana tree. The efficiency of banana tree was analysed in terms of decreasing BOD, COD and the content of TSS. The parts of banana tree that can be removed organic contaminant from wastewater is its stem. Banana stem used as media natural biofilter because of its abundant availability in Indonesia. The disadvantages of banana tree was it can be easy placed by bacteria. Bacteria will develop well on banana stem because banana stem is moist enough and consist of much water in it. Banana stem contains cellulose fibers that can be used as media biofilter because the characteristics of it, such as abundantly available, biodegradable, renewable, cheaper, low abrasive nature, interesting specific properties, and exhibit good mechanical properties. However, the disadvantages of cellulose fibers were low thermal stability, moisture absorption, and poor compatibility.

Keywords
Banana tree, Biofilter, wastewater treatment, organic cotaminant

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3QPqyupgF4wM

Corresponding Author
Dyah Ayu Larasati

Institutions
1)Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
*)dyahayularasati.2016[at]fisika.fsm.undip.ac.id
2)Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
3)Department of Engineering, Architectural Engineering, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Abstract
Batik is one of Indonesias cultural heritages that spread across various regions with their unique characteristics, one of the regions that has batik industries is Pemalang Regency. However, batik industries also contribute to liquid waste. Wastewater containing pollutants such as waxes, resins, dyes and binders such as silicates produce high concentrations of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and concentrated colors. There are still many batik enterprises that dispose waste water directly to environment without being processed first. The aim of this study is to degrade Remazol Black B and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) dyes in batik liquid waste to contact time variations 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes with UVC-Ozone oxidation methods. The Ozone-UVC method is an alternative method for decolorization, and degradation BOD. The dye degradation test was carried out using Spectroquant UV / VIS Spectrophotometer and the BOD degradation test was carried out using Dissolved Oxygen - DO Meter AZ-8403. The result shows that the BOD degradation at batik wastewater was from 190.17 – 96.83 mg/L. Visually, the increase in treatment time makes the sample look clearer (decolorization), evidenced by the sample image and decreased absorbance results.

Keywords
Batik Wastewater;Remazol;Ozon/UV-C;Degradation

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7dq2akAKjJtp

Corresponding Author
Novita Indah Pratiwi

Institutions
1) Physics Departement, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
2) Department of Engineering, Architectural Engineering, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
3) Departemen of Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
4) Nursing science study program, Faculty of health Sciences, Muhammadiyah University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
5) Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Abstract
Wastewater produced by batik industry in Cibelok Village, Pemalang that is disposed straight into the sewage will increase the concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), ammonia (NH3), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), watercolor, acidity (pH), and dissolved oxygen (DO). Disposed batik wastewater without treatment will contaminate the environment mainly its water and soil. The main purpose of this research is to reduce the concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), ammonia (NH3), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), watercolor, acidity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) by treating batik Cibelok-s waste and not contaminate the surrounding environment. Laboratory test results on batik waste in COD, BOD, DO, Ammonia, Chromium, Lead, watercolor, and acidity (pH). These results are not in accordance with 2014 Waste Water Quality Standard Number 5 by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia. Alternatives that have been done to treat Cibelok Village-s batik waste is to lower dangerous substances concentration through electrocoagulation and filtration. The processes could lower COD level around 57.6%, ammonia 98%, chromium 85%, and BOD 67%. Reducing the concentration of the substance makes the batik waste safer and environmentally friendly when it-s finally disposed to the sewage.

Keywords
Batik waste, Electrocoagulation, Environment, Filtration

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LBFkzdZXmuqb

Corresponding Author
Hernadi Untung S.

Institutions
Mentor with Honors-Understanding Research Methods Course by SOAS University of London at Coursera, Assitant Professor-Environmental Engineering Faculty of Lambung Mangkurat University

Abstract
One of the environmental issues for the physical components of soil and water, is the potential risk of carrying soil particles by runoff. However, sedimentation and high TSS concentrations still occur in settling ponds before flowing into river, lake or sea. Transfer of such pollutants from solid to aqueous phase at the interface of sediments/particles facilitates their entry into the food chain and further bio accumulation in neighboring fauna and flora. A vast variety of geogenic (rocks weathering and soil erosion) and anthropogenic sources (mining activities, urban and agricultural run-offs, industrial and municipal sewer overflows, etc.) may cause toxic metals discharge into water bodies. The metals can be dissolved in the water column, absorbed/adsorbed to the sediments/particulates or accumulated in biota. In comparison with other media, river bed and suspended sediments play a more significant role in overall pollution and environmental risks. (Nasrabadi, T.et al. 2016). This research is improvement of USEPA recommendations for the installation of sediment traps in drainage channel. The advantage of using this additional modification is that it can significantly reduce TSS concentration. The results of the water samples test and statistical test show that this research provides significant result in reducing TSS concentrations.

Keywords
Runoff, Mine Drainage, Sedimentation, Sediment Trap, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Pollutants.

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YEczrV4CJvMp

Corresponding Author
Iwan Susanto

Institutions
Institute of Road Engineering
Agency for Research and Development
Ministry of Public Works and Housing

Abstract
Indonesia is boosting infrastructure development, including in the connectivity sector and electricity supply, where coal fired power plants are most widely used and spreaded throughout the archipelago. Coal burning activity will produce ash namely, Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA). Indonesia Government considered FABA as Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) in category 2 from specific sources, due to its chemical and physical variations and massive volume. By 2019, the production of FABA are predicted around 6.598.493 tons. It is predicted that this volume will increase along with government policies on the 35,000 MW program which must be fulfilled by 2024. Therefore, technical utilization of FABA is needed so that it does not pollute the environment due to improper handling. The purpose of this research is to study the utilization of FABA from Labuan Angin coal fired power plant as a road pavement material that not only fulfill the required specifications, but also has better performance and environmentally safe. The reseach method was laboratory experiment, which consists of FABA characteristics testing, and mixtures for road pavement testing. Criteria for utilization of FABA as a road pavement material, must be carried out with the use of substances that capable to binding FABA so that it does not come off. Waste of FABA will be assessed for use as hotmix asphalt, concrete, and base layers. The test results showed that Fly Ash (FA) of Labuan Angin was type F with levels of CaO more than 10 percent and LoI: 4.27 percent. Characteristics testing of FABA also showed results such as specific gravity of FA 2.64 and BA 2.56, absorption of BA 3.24 percent, and sand equivalent test was 95.35 percent. The results of the study shows that for asphalt and concrete mixtures, FABA from Labuhan Angin was less effective in use. In asphalt mixtures, waste that can be used is fly ash i.e as a filler with a low volume of only 5 percent. For concrete mixtures, results of concrete mortar test shows that the FABA from the Labuan Angin is not suitable for geopolymer concrete because it cannot provide workability in the mixture. In addition, a conventional concrete mixture with OPC cement was experimented but a large amount of water was needed which reached 95% so that the strength at the age of 7 days only reached 8 until 14 MPa. In the utilization for road base layer the results shows that the composition of 75 percent bottom ash, 25 percent fly ash, and 9 percent PCC cement produces a maximum density γd = 1.71 percent, optimum moisture content = 5.84 percent, and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) 33.05 kg per cm2 of the required value of 25 to 40 kg per cm2. Utilization for foundation layer is most effective, because in addition to being able to absorb more waste, the binding process of cement and compaction with heavy equipment can also prevent waste of FABA from released so it is environmentally safe.

Keywords
Base Layers, FABA, Road Pavement, UCS

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/3JDYv6MKfXzU

Corresponding Author
Karinta Eldiarosa

Institutions
(a) Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Vocation, Diponegoro Unversity, Prof. Soedarto Street, Indonesia
(b) Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Diponegoro University, Prof. Soedarto Street, Indonesia
(c) Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Prof. Soedarto Street 50275, Indonesia
(d) Department of Civil Engineering, Diponegoro University, Prof. Soedarto Street, Indonesia

Abstract
Fresh water snail (Pila ampullacea) is large fresh water snail that can be found in rice fields, ponds, lakes and marshes. Most of them live in paddy fields and become pests for its plant thus the farmer tries to eradicate. Whereas, aquatic animals especially snail contain high level of protein with an amino acid profile similar with the meat land animals, thus making it beneficial to health in countries where snail exists. Thus, fresh water snail can be used as a raw material in producing foods or snacks, one of the famous snack in Southeast Asian countries is cracker. Pila ampullacea was obtained from the swamp and was cleaned it up by removed the flesh from its shell and used the water then production of the crackers. Nutrition contents of the fresh water snail cracker is protein (10.67%) and lipid (0.06%). The organoleptic analysis of crispiness was shown good result with mean score is 4.1.

Keywords
Pila ampullaea; fresh water snail; cracker

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fYvRQaCjgHtb

Corresponding Author
Ranti Annisa Putri

Institutions
a) Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty Of Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto S.H. Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
b) Electrical Engineering Departement, Faculty Of Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto S.H. Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract
In the end of decade, we have been entered to the bad condition for water quality at the world. As well as we know that water is a primary demand for everyone. Ozone is a very reactive oxidant and it can oxidize any parameters in water quality and then that parameters can be reduced. The principal of electrical discharge ozone generator can produce ozone when the compilation of electricity flow through the electrode, after that the discharge electrons will bound with free air which containing O2 so that O3 (ozone is formed). In the research, electrical discharge for ozone generator were made with high voltage variation are 12 kV, 13 kV, 14 kV. Next, ozone concentration that produced by this generator is contacted to the ground water sample in Semarang which containing iron 5,85 mg/liter and not yet required by World Health Organization International Standard for drinking water that is 0,3 mg/liter. The result shows, the highest production ozone concentration by this generator is 33,41 ppm and it able to decrease iron contaminant up to 23% from 5,85 mg/liter to 4,53 mg/liter and the lowest is 2,85 ppm and it able to decrease iron contaminant up to 12% from 5,85 mg/liter to 5,15 mg/liter.

Keywords
Ground Water, Iron, Ozone, Ozonation Processed, Electrical Discharge

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pGYxefyXhgTA

Corresponding Author
Syauqina Nashihi Aufar

Institutions
1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang-Indonesia
2 Department of Ocean Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang-Indonesia

Abstract
Treatment of wastewater in fish ponds is an effort to reduce the impact of pollutants contained in the wastewater so that it can be disposed into the aquatic environment safely. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the effect of inoculant sources on removing of total ammonium in vanamae shrimp and marguensis shrimp pond wastewater, and to pre-design the technology for treating high-salinity organic waste with biological wastewater treatment using natural microorganisms. The study was conducted using a laboratory scale reactor. At the beginning of the study, adherent biofilm media was planted at the bottom of the sea with a depth of 1.5 m for 3 weeks in order to grow nitrifying bacteria, then applied to treat pond wastewater. The results showed that the efficiency of ammonium reduction with adherent media from Telukawur is 74% while adherent media from Panjang Island is 66% with declining and fluctuating trends every day. The large -scale application for treating wastewater from brackish water aquaculture is designed with 4 processing units, a 15.5 m x 7.7 m x 1.5 m sedimentation basin, a 10.5 m x 3.5 m x 1.5 m anaerobic basin, a 13 m x 13 m x 1.5 m aerobic basin, and a 15.5 m x 7.7 m x 1.5 m effluent basin. It can be concluded that biofilm adhesion technology from Panjang Island waters and Telukawur waters can work efficiently in removing ammonium concentration.

Keywords
Biofilm, Sticky Media, Shrimp Pond

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/rN6LEpzH9YDg

Corresponding Author
Suka Handaja Budi

Institutions
(a) Diponegoro University, Environmental Science Doctoral Program, Polytechnic Energy And Minerals “Akamigas”, Oil and Gas Refinery Instrumentation Engineering Departement
* suka.hb[at]gmail.com
(b) Diponegoro University, Chemical Engineering Departement
(c) Diponegoro University, Electrical Engineering Departement

Abstract
Diversification of the use of spent battery is needed to increase community participation in the management of hazardous waste by re-utilizing the spent battery component and processing its to increase economic value and use it into other products. The component of spent battery that can be used again are its carbon rods and electrolyte paste, which are as an electrode for the process of purifying water, processing waste, supercapacitors as energy storage or reverse electrodialysis power generation. One of the important criteria in electrode selection is electric conductivity, besides porosity and surface area of particles. Hight electrical conductivity will make it easier for electrons to flow, while large porosity and outer surfaces will increase the conversion of ions into electrons in the electrodes. The aim of this study is to find out the best electric conductivity from mixing carbon rods and electrolyte paste spent batteries in carbon electrode application. The carbon rods spent bateray contained 94% carbon and the electrolyte paste of spent battery contained 64% Carbon, 19% Zinc and 5% Manganese. Before mixing, carbon rods were made powder with ballmils for 4 hours and produced with a size of <250 nm as much as 6% and 84% measuring up to 1 micrometer (1.000 nm). Carbon powder and electrolyte paste were mixed in a ratio of 9:0, 8:1, 7:2, 6.5:2.5 and by adding 10% PVDF and NMP as binders. The ingredients are mixed to form a gel then printed with the pressing and immersion method. The electric conductivity is measure by LCR meter and BET are use to measure porosity and surface area of the particles. The best electric conductivity is obtained from a mixture of carbon rod and electrolyte paste in a ratio of 7:2 with an electric conductivity value of as much as 2.7543 S/Cm, the porosity is 0.028 cc/gr and surface area is 15.936 m2/gr

Keywords
Spent Battery Waste, Electric Conductivity, Carbon Rods, Electrode, Electrolyte Paste

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/QJFe6v4CUjuE

Corresponding Author
Achmad Syarifudin

Institutions
Universitas Bina Darma
Indo Global Mandiri University

Abstract
The problem of flooding in a Watershed (Basin) or region is basically caused by natural conditions, such as relatively high rainfall, sloping topographic conditions and tidal influences. Human behavior is often also the cause of flooding problems, such as the location of settlements that are in the river borders or industries that dump waste directly into river bodies. Besides the problem of flooding can also be caused by not well organized river/drainage system or lack of maintenance of an existing river/drainage system. Furthermore, social problems include increasing demands for the availability of new and good residential environmental infrastructure. To overcome the problems as described above, before an activity such as build in a left/right inspection road planning, is need analysis rainfall data and make patterns of Intencity Duration Frequency (IDF) Curve to analysis of hydraulics in determining flood discharge plans. The results showed that the IDF pattern can be described as a form of rain return period curves in the Air Lakitan Watershed and the entry point for suitable environment to approach of technical analysis for flood control.

Keywords
flood plains, rainfall, discharge, IDF curve patterns

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/WfcuJvYzXqLD

Corresponding Author
Wiharyanto Oktiawan

Institutions
(1)(2) Departement of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java Indonesia

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of leachate recirculation on decreasing organic pollutant content in leachate which was investigated in a laboratory-scale experiment using simulated landfill anaerobic biorecators (lysimeters). Leachate used in this study was artificial leachate which was made in high concentrations (BOD 3,758.19 mg/l and COD 7,406.67 mg/l) and low concentrations (BOD 641.30 mg/l and COD 1,279.33 mg/l). Leachate recirculation was carried out on vegetables and fruits waste in reactors with two operating conditions. The first group of reactors was operated with high concentration leachate and the second group was operated with low concentrations leachate. Each operation condition is carried out on 10 reactors which were arranged in series, while the reactor R1 as a control (single pass reactor) was operated without leachate recirculation. Recirculation is carried out every day for 90 days. BOD and COD in leachate samples were regularly monitored every week with two repetitions (duplo). The results indicate that leachate recirculation further increases the reduction of BOD and COD concentrations when compared with reactors without leachate recirculation. Removal of BOD in R1 reactors with addition of low and high concentrations of leachate are 68% and 68.13% respectively. While removal of BOD in reactors with addition of low and high leachate concentrations are 83.98% and 92.15%. In general, reactors with leachate recirculation have higher BOD and COD removal compared to reactors without leachate recirculation.

Keywords
Leachate Recirculation, anaerobic bioreactors, lysimeter

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pygxaKCj3bM2

Corresponding Author
Nurandani Hardyanti

Institutions
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang-Indonesia

Abstract
At present, the use of medicines, especially antibiotics, has increased significantly, and this affects domestic waste. The human population contributes to the spread of antibiotic residue into the environment either via excretion of pharmaceuticals during the ordinary course of treatment or by improperly disposing of unused medication in toilets. This study aims to study the effect of pharmaceutical residues, particularly antibiotics, on the removal efficiency of ammonium and COD in domestic wastewater, using anaerobic batch reactor. The reactor inoculated with a septic tank and an artificial waste. The stages of this research were seeding, acclimatization, and running. This research was conducted for 30 days with the reactor volume at 8.5 liters of seeding and acclimatization time and 1.5 liters of running time. Efficiency removal of COD were 89.66%; 88.24%; 85.21%; 78.27% and 77.72%. Meanwhile, the efficiency removal of ammonium are 55.08%; 53.30%; 48.13%; 40.36% and 32.16%. The reactor with the highest pharmaceutical residue did not contribute to the efficiency of COD removal but affected the effectiveness of ammonium removal.

Keywords
pharmaceutical residue, antibiotic, anaerobic batch reactor, ammonium, COD

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/B76kzq2DFbw4

Corresponding Author
Badrus Zaman

Institutions
Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University

Abstract
Composting Process is an alternative organic waste management for degradation waste generation. In general, bioactivator will be added to the organic waste mixture which aims to accelerate the process of maturing compost and not forgetting the quality standards of it in order to apply to the soil so that the environment will stay in a healty condition. There are various types of bioactivators that used in the composting process such as EM-4, Acticomp, Orgadec, and also bacteria which can be produce using various source organic matters such as vegetable waste. Vegetables waste is a good medium for growing microorganisms, and it can be use as bioactivator in the composting process. Another advantage of using this source is that vegetables waste are cheap and easy to find because they usually thrown away and not reused. Some researchers found bacterias like Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus are contained by vegetables that will create lactic acid fermentation .This bacterias has an important role to change various sugars in vegetables waste, especially into lactic acid which when compost is given to the soil, bacteria will play a role to control the pathogenic organisms. Some studies about bioactivator from vegetables waste relationship has been done related to the compost quality result from the addition of the environmental biaoctivator from vegetables. In this article, there will be reviews from various research journals related to the making and application of bioactivator from vegetables in the composting process and to find out whether the use of vegetables waste are good bioactivator for composting process.

Keywords
Vegetables Bioactivator, Composting Process, Compost

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/TfjRaeLFGzK9

Corresponding Author
Emma Mauren Moko

Institutions
a)Biology Study Program, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty, Manado State University, Tondano, 95619, Indonesia,*emmamoko[at]unima.ac.id
b)Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agricultural, De La Salle Catholic University, Manado, 95000, Indonesia
c)Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, De La Salle Catholic University, Manado, 95000, Indonesia

Abstract
The island of Mantehage is one of the island clusters within the Bunaken Marine Conservation (Taman Laut Bunaken). A cluster reaching out to 89.065 hectares and consisting of the island of Mantehage and four other islands; Nain, Manado Tua, Siladen and the infamous island of Bunaken. Clean water has been a major issues amongst these island dweller in the far Northern regions of North Sulawesi, thus is one of the priority agenda that needs attention. Clean water availability issue has also been a major issue to the villagers of Bango Village on Mantehage. 120 households of the Bango Village only relies on a well at the center of the village. A well that is currently utilized for all activities of washing and cleaning of all villagers, in which this facility is not accomodated with public bath and wash rooms. This program of community development was conducted and funded by the PPDM multiyear scheme of KEMENRISTEKDIKTI-s DRPM. In which this program was aimed to revitalize the village water supplies and facilities. This program prepared a unique water tower with a capacity of 5500 liters and designed to compensate the uniques environmental challenges of island dwellers in terms of humidity and high salinity exposure. Recycled light steel guage material was used as the main tower frame for low cost and low maintenance reasons within a coastal environment, besided the fact that the material is recycled and thus considered a green material. The whole system is then equipped with 3 stage filtration system that is easily maintained with filtration materials that are simply found in the surroundings of the village.

Keywords
filtration technology, low cost - low maintenance water tower, clean water, Mantehage Island

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eXJ2C7H4ZUFq

Corresponding Author
Badrus Zaman

Institutions
Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University

Abstract
The wastewater treatment process has various kinds of problems that can disturb and hinder the treatment process. Problems that usually occur are wastewater contains strong and irritating odor. Based on the production of different amounts can change the characteristics of effluents. The amount of organic variation decreases the effectiveness of biological processing and others. So based on this a good solution is needed and can expedite the treatment of wastewater. Bioactivator is an excellent material that can be used. Bioactivator consists of naturally occurring microorganisms attached to organic compost. It quickly stimulates the bacteria in situ so that the waste quickly decomposes. In the process, it prevents the generation of smells. Bioactivator is entirely natural and it does not contain any hazardous or poisonous chemicals or enzymes. Bioactivator also prevents the generation of odors, increases the metabolic of bacteria. It is most effective on organically overload treatment plants it increases treatment plant capacity. Bio activators can come from soils where soils contain lots of microorganisms. The amount of microbes found in the soil depends on the type of soil. Soil consists of micro and macrofauna and flora which provide a large carbon source and a large number of microorganisms. So in this paper by utilizing microorganisms in the soil as a bio activator for wastewater treatment.

Keywords
Natural Soil, Bioactivator, Wastewater Treatment

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pebPLnvYAkCm

Corresponding Author
NISALA RATNA WIJAYANTI

Institutions
Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract
Brackish water has a salt content between 500 to 17000 mg/l. If people consumption of brackish water, it impacts health problems and making plants wither or die. Groundwater become brackish is caused by sea water intrusion. Therefore desalination technology is needed to process brackish water into fresh water. Natural material is predicted to be an alternative for desalination process. Natural zeolite are more used because they have abundant excess availability, lower operational costs, and have a high adsorption. More research is needed to determine the right activation method for zeolite so that the effectiveness of decreasing salinity can increase. In the initial study using natural zeolites with chemically activated, the reduction efficiency (ɳ) reached ~ 99.54%. From the results of these natural treatment, zeolite have the ability to reduce of salinity. This article is a review of several previous studies.

Keywords
coastal area, brackish water, zeolite, natural treatment

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZdA4Q3LcujCU

Corresponding Author
T Listyani R A -

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta (ITNY)

Abstract
Hydrogeological survey activities have been carried out with the aim to identify potential water pollution in the Girimulyo area, West Progo. The research method was conducted with a field hydrogeological survey to get hydrogeological data and water quality in the form of pH and TDS. Water quality status evaluation is done by determining the pollution index based on water quality standards. The results showed that the water in the study area was generally colorless, tasteless and odorless and clear (not turbid). The pH value of water measured in the field is 7 - 8.1, while the TDS is 15 - 305 ppm. The results of the water chemistry laboratory test show that groundwater quality is quite good with a pH of 7 - 8.1 and TDS 112-240 ppm. Groundwater violence is in the middle to medium class - hard, as is river water. Chemical types develop as groundwater Ca - bicarbonate and Ca, Mg - bicarbonate. The index of water pollution studied is in the mildly polluted category (Pollution Index of 1,81 – 4,81), with the greatest level of pollution found in river water in Niten.

Keywords
Pollution, water, hydrogeology

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/y6fw87BHrAP2

Corresponding Author
Khusnul Huda Sambodja

Institutions
(a) Department of Environmental Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
*khusnulsadja[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Water loss is a serious problem in the world of drinking water management. In addition to disrupting services that result in economic losses, pipe leaks can cause health problems if contamination occurs. In this paper, the author will conduct a potential risk analysis of the causes of water loss to address technical problems in the management of transmission and distribution pipelines in the Regional Water Supply System of Bregas in Central Java, Indonesia. The author tries to present a simple method for assessing the potential risk of water loss from the physical aspects of the network and the environment with passive control. Passive control is a reaction to leaks that are usually reported by customers or recorded by company staff. In this study it was concluded that the pipe condition had the highest potential risk compared to other factors. And transmission pipelines from Kaligiri and Gombong springs are considered to have the highest risk of water loss. Although incomplete, this research can be a valuable reference source for practitioners and researchers dealing with water loss management in distribution systems and providing a road map for future research.

Keywords
water loss, potential risk analysis, passive control, water distribution network

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fPLpQkH8muza

Corresponding Author
Arfan Bakhtiar

Institutions
Diponegoro University

Abstract
The use of plastic products nowadays almost comply all needs because of plastic products have advantages such as being more economical, flexible and lightweight. Yet, Environment and Sustainability become important issues for company and society. Companies must reproduce and recycle all plastic products related with that issues. CV Jordan Plastics in producing M500 bottles often produces reject products exceeding the target set by the company. This research was conducted to determine the current process capability in producing the M500 bottle, where the process capability index can be calculated from the results of control chart whose data is considered to be statistically controlled. Multivariate control chart can be used to control the quality of the process at CV Jordan Plastics, because the quality characteristics of the products are more than one and the controls must be carried out together. Correlated variables that are used in making multivariate control chart are different of thicknesses, leaks, and dents. The results of the T2 Hotelling control charts show that the process has not been controlled, because there are 4 observations that are out of control. From the Mason, Young and Tracy (MYT) decomposition results, it is obtained that the variables that cause observations to become uncontrolled are different of thicknesses and dents. After revised the control chart, it is known that the current multivariate process capability index is 0.79, which means the process is not capable yet and needs to be improved. The proposed improvement are given to solve the problem of different thicknesses is to position the die right in the middle so that the thickness on all sides is same and for dented conditions can be reduced by setting the temperature and blowing pressure according to the standard.

Keywords
process capability, quality control, multivariate control chart, plastic, reject

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7tFmwhbrVN4R

Corresponding Author
Fadli Mulyadi

Institutions
National Institute of Technology, Bandung

Abstract
Liquid laboratory waste generated from water quality examination activities especially from the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) analysis. The COD wastewater contains Cr VI which potentially pollute the environment due to its carcinogenic effect. The research aimed to determine the efficiency of removal of Cr VI treated by a combination between precipitation and adsorption methods. In this research, the variations of precipitate and height of adsorbent were made. Two types of hydroxide precipitate between NaOH and Ca(OH)2 were used in this research at concentrations of 50%. The pH levels were adjusted between 8; 9; 10; 11 while the heights of adsorbent were varied of 7,5 cm, 15 cm, and 22,5 cm, respectively. Results showed that the highest Cr VI removal of 60,98% was obtained by precipitation process using Ca(OH)2 50% with the pH adjusted at 9,06. Whereas the significant adsorption efficiency was achieved 88.13% by the height of granular activated carbon of 22.5 cm with the addition of acidification process.

Keywords
COD contained wastewater, Hexavalent Chromium, Precipitation, Adsorption, Granular Activated Carbon.

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/gTJryxHF6A4u

Corresponding Author
Aryo Pribadi Wicaksono

Institutions
Diponegoro University

Abstract
Water distribution from water treatment plants may still contain some contaminants such as odor, sediments, discoloration, bacteria, viruses, worms, etc, so it is unhygienic and has potential hazards waterborne disease to human health, it can cause several diseases such as skin disease, itching, influenza, typhus, diarrhea, etc. This can be caused by several contaminants parameters of physical, chemical and microbiological. There are several methods that can be used to treat water such as filtration that purpose to reduce the concentration of contaminants carried or formed in potable water distribution, to conform to drinking water quality standards. Filtration has many media types such as activated carbon, greensand manganese, ferolite, polypropylene, yarn, and ceramic. The advantage of activated carbon is low cost, high efficiency and easy to maintenance. Effects of water purification shows that the filtration from activated carbon combined with polypropylene filtration processes has significant effects and very effective to reduce physical contaminant, it can be reduced 60 – 80 % depending on the concentration of contaminant and can improve water quality. This article is a review of some of the results of the research process.

Keywords
filtration, activated carbon, physical contaminants, water distribution, potable

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/LrM3GPwfxCWF

Corresponding Author
TUANI LIDIAWATI SIMANGUNSONG

Institutions
Chemical Engineering Department, Center for Environmental Studies, University of Surabaya

Abstract
Reducing solid waste generation is one of green campus achievement programs at University of Surabaya (Ubaya). It is important to quantify the amount and composition of solid waste generation of all the faculties because the data will determine the next step of solid waste management at Ubaya. The Faculty of Engineering significantly contributes to the amount of waste generation in Ubaya. A research related to Faculty of Engineering solid waste management needs to be conducted. The aims of the study were estimating the quantity of solid waste generation and observing the composition of solid waste in the Faculty of Engineering. The method of this research was survey of waste generation. The survey was conducted at classrooms and administrative office of the Faculty of Engineering . The estimation of waste generation was taken for 12 (twelve) days during April 2018. After collection, the waste materials were segregated into plastic bottle, plastic glass, plastic spoon, plastic straw, plastic packaging bag, food packaging, food waste, tissue, paper, and residue. The results of the research showed that the average daily solid waste generation faculty of engineering was to be 19.2 kgs. The solid waste composition was found to be plastic bottle 8.8% (1,7 kg/day), plastic glass 4.1 %(0,8 kg/day), plastic spoon 2% (0,4 kg/day), plastic straw 1% (0,2 kg/day), plastic packaging bag 9.9% (1.9 kg/day), food packaging 17.6% (3.4 kg/day), food waste 27%(5.2 kg/day), tissue 10.2% (2 kg/day), paper 9.8% (1.9 kg/day), and residue 9.6% (1.9 kg/day). The reducing potential of the waste was about 80%.

Keywords
solid waste characterization, waste generation, university of Surabaya

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/pFKCM3JrVTDZ

Corresponding Author
Hanipah Hanipah

Institutions
1,2) School of Environmental Science, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, INDONESIA
hanipahtanjung[at]gmail.com, hayati.hasibuan[at]ui.ac.id
3) Department of Geography, University of Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA
rudyptamb[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
The land use change from agricultural to industrial city took place in Karawang. Besides land conversion, transfer in water usage also increased for industrial needs. This is caused by poor water management in terms of distribution and control of water usage, mainly in the industrial and agricultural sectors. The area of irrigated land was reduced from 97,037 ha (2009) to 90,062 ha (2017), while the amount of dry land increased from 22,063 ha (2009) to 46,299 ha (2017). It showed that the lack of irrigation water management has an impact on the reduction of productive paddy fields. Therefore this research aims to formulate an action plan of water irrigation management. The study was conducted in West Telukjambe District, Karawang Regency. The method used stakeholder analysis and system dynamics modeling. Data obtained from observation and interview data, irrigated land area, and the amount of irrigation water availability. The results showed the overlapping and missing roles of several stakeholders in charge of irrigation water management in West Telukjambe. Model simulations showed the increasing of irrigation serving area for additional management performance of each stakeholder. Therefore, integrated management of irrigation systems needed to control the distribution and water irrigation efficient.

Keywords
irrigation management; irrigation efficiency; water usage; stakeholders analysis

Topic
Environmental Technology

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MTnkHAj6LNuC